By Rudiger Wink
This publication provides an summary of modern coverage results within the box of academia-business hyperlinks in numerous eu nations. It covers a wide variety of methods, from new public investment tools to reforms of highbrow estate rights and local community regulations. a distinct concentration is wear useful coverage implications and discussions approximately reform.
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Extra info for Academia-Business Links: European Policy Strategies and Lessons Learnt (Anglo-German Foundation for the Study of Industrial Society)
Sample text
Thus, formal relations reduce the risk of the business venture. As such relations demand some degree of personal presence at the institution, a location close to 30 Are Research Spin-offs a Local Phenomenon? the incubator will be preferred. New ventures most often lack capital at the time of starting the business. High uncertainty about their commercial success restricts access to external finance. At the same time, public research spin-offs may require laboratory equipment, high-level computer facilities and other types of physical research infrastructure.
First, they need to establish customer relations in order to sell their products and services. As spin-offs often introduce products and services that are new to the market, close contacts to users, and redesign of products and services to meet specific demands is required. There might be only a few key users for the spinoff’s innovation in the market, and it is rather unlikely that they are located in the same region as the incubator. Location decision of spinoffs can thus be described as the optimization problem to minimize the sum of costs of interacting with users, interacting with the incubator, and acquiring factor inputs, first of all high-skilled labour.
0 Source: ZEW Spin-off-Survey 2001. the relevance of new research findings from public research for starting the business, current links to public research institutions, R&D activities, and size and economic activity. Location patterns of public research spin-offs One may assume that the location behaviour of public research spinoffs differs significantly from that of other start-ups. There might be special, close links to their incubator institution that suggest choosing a location nearby the incubator.
