By Mohammad Shenasa, Gerhard Hindricks, Martin Borggrefe, Gunter Breithardt
Dr. Shenasa and his the world over popular crew of editors and individuals mirror all of the breakthroughs which have been made in interventional electrophysiology and imaging applied sciences lately during this completely up-to-date advisor to cardiac mapping. This 3rd version specializes in new advancements within the box, comparable to mapping of complicated arrhythmias, stereotaxis, and snapshot integration. this helpful source for easy and scientific electrophysiologists illuminates the trail to raised and more secure mapping. a special characteristic of this version is the inclusion of a DVD, which illustrates real-time facts from real circumstances.
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Additional info for Cardiac Mapping, 3rd Edition
Example text
During sinus rhythm, electrogram recordings taken inside pulmonary veins show a low-frequency potential reflecting adjacent atrial activation, followed by a high-frequency component reflecting local activation of PV muscular sleeves. Many left-sided pulmonary veins require pacing from the distal coronary sinus to reveal the PV potential [30]. During ectopy, an endocardial activation time 75 msec earlier than the HRA signal has a sensitivity and specificity for identifying arrhythmogenic pulmonary veins of approximately 80% [31].
They are separated from the valve by a circumferential region of smooth atrial wall that is the vestibule to the valve. The portion of the vestibule between the orifice of the The Chambers of the Heart The Right Atrium Anatomically, an atrial chamber is considered as having four components: the appendage, the venous part, the vestibule and the septum. The latter is shared by the two atriums. The right atrium is dominated by its large, triangular-shaped appendage which is located anterior and laterally.
An intravascular rather than an extracardiac reference reduces sensing of electrical noise. Simultaneous recordings of intra- and extracellular electrograms have shown that the downstroke of a unipolar electrogram, the intrinsic deflection, coincides with the upstroke of the action potential beneath the exploring electrode [1, 2]. Sites at which an activation wave arises reveal themselves by an initially negative deflection in the unipolar recording. 1. The bipolar electrogram shows early activation before the onset of the delta wave in the surface ECG.
